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Chloroplast DNA
Chloroplasts have their own DNA,〔C.Michael Hogan. 2010. (''Deoxyribonucleic acid''. Encyclopedia of Earth. National Council for Science and the Environment. ) eds. S.Draggan and C.Cleveland. Washington DC〕 often abbreviated as ctDNA,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.all-acronyms.com/cat/7/CTDNA/chloroplast_DNA/854720 )〕 or cpDNA. It is also known as the plastome when referring to genomes of other plastids. Its existence was first proved in 1962, and first sequenced in 1986—when two Japanese research teams sequenced the chloroplast DNA of liverwort and tobacco.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/e23/23a.htm )〕 Since then, hundreds of chloroplast DNAs from various species have been sequenced, but they are mostly those of land plants and green algae—glaucophytes, red algae, and other algal groups are extremely underrepresented, potentially introducing some bias in views of "typical" chloroplast DNA structure and content.
==Molecular structure==
Chloroplast DNAs are circular, and are typically 120,000–170,000 base pairs long.〔〔〔 They can have a contour length of around 30–60 micrometers, and have a mass of about 80–130 million daltons.
Most chloroplasts have their entire chloroplast genome combined into a single large ring, though those of dinophyte algae are a notable exception—their genome is broken up into about forty small plasmids, each 2,000–10,000 base pairs long.〔 Each minicircle contains one to three genes,〔〔 but blank plasmids, with no coding DNA, have also been found.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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